Thursday Rubinstein was once a brilliant scientist who was shunned by society for developing a new surgical procedure where a human's head is replaced with an organic computer made of malleable plastic. She was tired of the obsession with physical appearance, and instead opted for the simplicity of a ruby head. Her first goal was to perform the operation on herself, which succeeded. She then joined the Headmen, a group of cosmic geniuses, and battled the Defenders on several occasions. Created by Steve Gerber, Sal Buscema and Jim Mooney. Ruby Thursday first appears in The Defenders Vol. 1 issue 32 (1976).